Evaluate the validity of the reasons given by Thomas Moore for his Essay

Evaluate the validity of the reasons given by Thomas Moore for his condemnation of William Tyndale's english translation of the New Testament - Essay Example translation survived, since they were all burnt, nevertheless the New Testament translations in English as we know it today are largely the fruit of the work of William Tyndale. However, this same work was not well received in his time, largely due to the strict beliefs of the Catholic church, and this was also the grounds for the conflict in the views of Thomas Moore and William Tyndale. The major reasons for Moore’s condemnation of Tyndale’s work may be listed as follows: (a) faulty translation of certain words which provided scope for distortion of the scriptural message (b) the notion that such faulty translation made Tyndale a hypocrite and a dangerous heretic (c) the fact that Tyndale supported the King of England as the Head of the Church, thereby seriously undermining the established hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church, of which the Pope was the leader. This further substantiated Moore’s condemnation of Tyndale as a man rebelling against the Catholic c hurch. The Catholics believed in the Pope as being the head of the Church and Thomas Moore was a staunch Catholic who believed that it was indeed the Pope who had the right to be hailed as the Head of the Church. However, Tyndale offered a different view on this, that it was actually the Monarch of England who was the head of the Church, since in those days Henry VIII was the ruling head of England. Tyndale approved of the Monarch as being the Head of the Church, so long as that Monarch obeyed God. The brunt of Tyndale’s ire was expended against the corrupt church practices that existed in the Catholic church at the time and he was intent upon bringing the contents of the New testament to the attention of the lay people. The only means to do this was to translate the original Latin and Hebrew of the New Testament into simple English so that the masses among the English public would also be able to understand it. This was also in accordance with the encouragement that Tyndale provided to the

Sunshine Lives In Black and White Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sunshine Lives In Black and White - Essay Example But, despite being idealized, the reality television presented was beneficial for the viewer when compared with modern television. The simple innocence, balance, and logic of the 1960s programming provided a safe outlook on life for family and children. The quintessential 1960s television sitcom was The Andy Griffith Show. The antics of the small town sheriff, his bumbling deputy, and the sheriff’s small son form the core of the show. The innocence of the show comes largely from the small town setting. Though Andy Griffith is a sheriff, crime is relatively rare. The most frequent criminal is the town drunk, Otis. The biggest event to threaten the innocence of the town is when a nail salon opened and some of the men in town begin getting manicures. In contrast, 21st century television has taken the small town setting and removed all innocence. Modern shows involving small towns are often investigations of the evil that lives beneath the surface of small town life. A perfect example of this type of show is Desperate Housewives. Though innocence seems to permeate the suburban setting of the show, it is all a cover for the murder of a mother in the community. Everything is innocent on the outside, but corruption runs to the core . In The Andy Griffith Show, the view of reality presented is one of balance. Andy balances his job as a sheriff with his role raising his son as a widowed father. Aunt Bea balances her role as substitute mother to Opie with her role as maternal support to Andy. Modern television lacks this balance. In these modern programs, the characters are often extreme caricatures. Take Homer Simpson for instance. The patriarch of The Simpsons does not balance his role as town clown with any other responsibilities. He is father to three small children but largely shirks his responsibilities to them in favor of being the butt of many jokes. Lastly,

MICROECONOMICS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

MICROECONOMICS - Essay Example It must be noted here that for the private firms, the altitude of the supply curve from the horizontal axis determines the minimum price (average) at which a specific quantity must be sold so that supplier would be able to cover the variable cost. He cannot afford to sell at any less value. It is vital to understand the meaning of demand and supply as it has been used in the micro economics models. It must be perceived as the flow of inventory, inwards for supply and outwards for demand. Demand and supply do not have a direct link between them but it is the market that decides their levels. Finding the equilibrium price A unique price exists in the market that would establish perfect equilibrium between demand and supply known as equilibrium price. This price is a great leveller for both buyers and suppliers and there is least scope for manipulation of prices driven by greed in a long run. In a perfect market, there is an equilibrium quantity that exists for the equilibrium price and either way shifts in the value of this equilibrium due to misallocation of resources (whether too few scarce resources are being used or too many scarce resources are being used) would result in dead- weight loss. ... It is more or less automatic. Trouble in the public sector This is in complete contrast to what happens in the public sector. When it comes to public services which are run by governments, there is hardly any interaction of demand and supply curve as there is absence of ‘feedback’ factor. So there is no automatic adjustment of the prices as government rely on taxes for covering the cost that is incurred in rendering these services and consumers hardly have any choice. This is why misallocation of resources is a commonplace under government led enterprises and it would be better if governments restrain themselves from getting engaged into non vital activities. Whenever government tries to control the price either by deciding the floor price or the upper cap, it runs the risk of misallocation of resources. It would result in ‘dead - weight losses and could get worse. Analysing the effects of minimum wage law indicates that it fails to achieve the objectives which it was originally devised for. It increases the supply of the unskilled labour in the market and at the same time decreasing their demand. It fails to serve the poor, worsens the problem of unemployment in the long run and increases the burden over the taxpayer in an unjustified manner. Even the ‘earned income tax credit’ program has the similar consequences though it is not as bad as minimum wage law. Under both the schemes, government seems to address the symptoms and not the root causes of the problem. It is relevant to suggest here that instead of attempting to control the prices directly, it would be much better to influence the market. Policies must be such that they help

How Air Brakes on Trains Work Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

How Air Brakes on Trains Work - Article Example Eventually, there is a slowdown of the wheels and the whole train stops. The braking material assumes the form of a pad or block. Most trains are installed with braking systems that feature compressed air like the power to force blocks on to pads or wheels on to discs. Such systems are referred to as "pneumatic brakes" or "air brakes". A â€Å"brake pipe† is used to transmit the compressed air into the system. Varying the level of air pressure results into a variance in the brake’s state of application in every locomotive. The train may apply the brake, hold (release) it after an incomplete application. The compressor serves as the pump necessary for drawing air from the atmosphere, while compressing it for further usage on the train. The principal function of the air is portrayed in the brake system, even if compressed air is also used in other means. The driver’s brake valve acts as the means via which the train driver regulates the brake system. This valve has a minimum of such positions as: "Running", "Lap", "Release", "Emergency", and "Application". Additionally, a position to "Shut Down" is included to help lock the valve when it is not on use. Every position plays an autonomous role in the braking system. The "Release" position links the brake pipe to the main reservoir. This effort helps in raising the available air pressure within the shortest time possible in order to acquire an instant release when the driver is signaled to restart the train. The selection of the feed value is acquired when the valve is in the position, "Running". This facilitates the maintenance of a slow feed within the brake pipe in order to counteract the losses or small leaks in the connections, brake pipe and connections. The role of the "Lap" is to help close the link between the brake pipe and main reservoir, as well as to hinder the atmospheric connection when a brake application is committed. The Lap has

American history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

American history - Essay Example The scenario has not much changed. The blacks and ethnic minorities still have to fight for their rights in the twentieth century and struggle to avail privileges that are enjoyed by the white population. Andrew Jackson was the 7th president of America who had made a mark for himself when he had defeated the mighty British army at New Orleans. His great patriotism is backed by his many personal sacrifices. He was one of the most publicly favored presidents who had ‘repolarized American politics’ (Jackson). Those who backed were called democrats and the opponents came to be known as ‘republicans’. Though Jackson had considerably influenced the American politics and was especially hailed for his decision to veto for rechartering of the bank which had vested economic interests of the few, he, nevertheless, cannot be ranked as one of the greatest presidents of America. Jackson, during his military days had not only brutalized Indians but he was also known for his pro-slavery actions and had even bought black slaves for his home! Racial differences were very apparent in southern American states whereas the northern American colonies had considerably moved forward in terms of black population enjoying more rights and privileges. The defeat of the British forces lead to the independence of 13 British colonies of North America which were together called United States of America and in 1789, the first President George Washington took oath under the ratified constitution of America. In 1971, the introduction of bill of rights and other constitutional amendments paved way for abolition of slavery (Washington, internet). The attitude of the native Americans started undergoing rapid transformation as the non white population started asserting for their rights and became more visible in political, religious, social and economic arena. In the contemporary times also, the non white population of America has to fight against racial

Animal captivity Essay Example for Free

Animal captivity Essay TI am a lifelong fan of good zoos (note the adjective) and have visited dozens of zoos, safari parks and aquaria around the world. I also spent a number of years working as a volunteer keeper at two zoos in the U.K. and my own interests now span to the history of zoological collections and their design, architecture and research so it is probably fair to say I’m firmly in the pro-zoo camp. However, I am perfectly willing to recognise that there are bad zoos and bad individual exhibits. Not all animals are kept perfectly, much as I wish it were otherwise, and even in the best examples, there is still be room for improvement. But just as the fact that some police are corrupt does not mean we should not have people to enforce the law, although bad zoos or exhibits persist does not mean they are not worthwhile institutes. It merely means we need to pay more attention to the bad and improve them or close them. In either case, zoos (at least in the U.K. and most of the western world) are generally a poor target for criticism in terms of animal welfare – they have to keep the public onside or go bust and they have to stand up to rigorous inspections or be closed down. While a bad collection should not be ignored, if you are worried the care and treatment of animals in captivity I can point to a great many farms, breeders, dealers and private owners who are in far greater need or inspection, improvement or both.

Importance of Human Resource Development (HRD)

Importance of Human Resource Development (HRD) INTRODUCTION It is often debated and generally accepted that human resource development (HRD) activities are important in an organisation. But the question lies within to what extent and how much does it contribute. The reason may lie in the facts that it is not easy to show the direct link between the two activities and that it is both difficult to define HRD precisely and its effect may not be experienced in the short run (Torrington et al., 2005, p.357). The purpose of this paper is highlight on the question on the extent to which HRD contributes to the performance of an organisation. ORGANISATIONS AND HRD Swanson and Arnold (1996) asserted that HRD is a sub-system that operated in the main system; the organisation. In order for the organisation to be successful the objectives and goals of the subsystems must be aligned towards achieving the set goals of the main system. For example, the primary objective of the organisation would be to maximise return on shareholder investment. We may find that the objectives of training and development would be a level removed down, that is to maximise the capabilities of the employees, induce innovation, and produce high quality products and service. They may be different but a closer look at each of these objectives reveals that they serve a singular purpose; maximise the return (Swanson Arnold, 1996, p.15). HRD and Motivation Motivation is certainly the key for the people to keep returning to the job. However it must not be viewed through a single window which shows you that rewards and bonuses makes people motivated. In fact rewards and bonuses and all other financial and intrinsic benefits are classified as hygiene factors. These factors acts as motivators up to a certain level, beyond that they become satisfiers. Extrinsic factors such as the pure feeling of achievement, recognition, job enrichment, job enlargement and training and development are motivating factors. Achievement, job enrichment, job enlargement and training and development are essential elements of HRD and as we can see these elements dominate the motivating factors (Cohen, 2008). Training and development According to Mathis and Jackson (1999), Training is a process whereby people acquire capabilities to aid in the achievement of organisational goals. Simply put training facilitates individuals with the knowledge and skills that are required to perform the present job. It differs from development where, development has a broader impact in providing new skills that is required to perform both present and future jobs (Mathis Jackson, 1999). For example Tesco states that when they have well trained employees on the shop flow it benefits Tescos business image as customers are more confident in the competence and knowledge of staff they deal with. Tesco offers a wide range of training and development opportunities both on the job and off the job to its employees. Tesco takes both organisational objectives and individuals training objectives in account. Tesco believes that efficient and effective training and development programs, helps them to create the flexible and committed employees, delivering the highest standard of service, which is crucially required for their growth and success (TheTimes100, 2009). Organisational Learning CIPD defines learning as an environment where individuals learn to learn and possess the capabilities that enable them to do so to help their employers to build and retain competitive advantage (CIPD, 2008). According to CIPD a firm can achieve competitive advantage when individuals actively seek to acquire the knowledge and skills that promote the organisations objectives. In other words organisations must transform into learning environments, where continuous learning is experienced, thus transforming into a Learning Organisation. Learning organisation thrives for continuous improvement of its capacities in order to make the organisation ready to face the future. For example learning and development process at Corus; a Tata Steel company and Europes second largest steel producer with annual revenues of around  £12 billion, employing around 40,000 people worldwide, is moderated by structuring the learning process within their organisation through setting up a Corus Academy. The Corus Academy was based on sharing best practices and maximizing common approaches. Its main objective focus on Constant Improvement was achieved through the sharing of ideas across the entire company, where both individual and organisational learning occurred simultaneously becoming a learning organisation itself. (TheTimes100, 2009). Other Employee Development Approaches Development is the growth or realization of a persons ability and potential through the provision of learning and training experiences (Armstrong, 2006). Different Organisations adopts different activities in order to enhance their learning capabilities. According to Armstrong (2006), a balanced approach is required, making use of the various forms of learning and development to produce a coherent strategy that contains the plans for creating and maintaining a learning climate and developing and implementing complementary and mutually supportive learning activities both formal and informal. Coaching and Mentoring Coaching and mentoring are informal development activities that organisations practice to facilitate learning. Coaching is an approach based on a close relationship between the individual and one other person, usually their immediate manager, who is much experienced (Torrington et al., 2005, p.394). According to Kram (1983) mentoring benefits from two aspects; the career aspects that primarily enhance career advancement and the psychosocial aspects which enhance a sense of competence (Torrington et al., 2005, p.394). The continuously analysis and constructive criticism and guidance received from the coaches and mentors directly contributed to positive performance. Organisation also benefits, saving a great deal of cost using their own senior experienced staff to develop the junior staff. The Annual CIPD Survey Report 2009 on learning and development practices showed that in-house development programmes and coaching by line managers continue to be rated the most effective learning and development practices in UK (CIPD, 2009). This is perhaps why firms such as Baker Tilly, the seventh largest accountancy practice firm in the UK with a turnover in excess of  £200 million a year and 2,500 staff and its international network being the eighth largest accountancy grouping in the world, strategizes its people development activities to focus on more informal programs such as coaching and mentoring. The firm believes that formal training gives the building blocks for development and learning. However coaching and mentoring and other types of informal development schemes helps people understand for themselves what it is they can do to enhance their ability to meet their objectives all stages, and help them eliminate barriers for performance (CIPD, 2009). Talent management Career Development Talent management is often described as a future-focused activity, encompassing the identification, development, engagement and deployment of talent, with organisations using it to develop their workforce to meet the strategic needs of the organisation (CIPD, 2008). Swanson and Holton (2009) argue that career development theories that describe adult career development are important contributors to HRD practice because they describe adult progression through work roles. Charles Handy stress that employees today must look out for themselves to build their own career. He also notes that education will becomes an investment and varied experience will becomes an asset (Stone, 1998), that will eventually give advantage to employee in the form of employability. Although the traditional view on career development is no longer viable, its integration with talent management creates an opportunity for organisations to develop succession plans. Creating and managing talent and career development processes enables companies to nurture talent for the challenges of the future as well as the present (Eigenhuis Dijk, 2008). For example, when Jack Welch retired in 2001 from General Electric, after having served as the CEO and chair of GE since 1981, he was succeeded by Jeffrey Immelt. Immelt was enlisted for the post as early as 1994 including some 24 candidates to replace Jack Welch. GE identified the next best candidate who would replace Jack Welch on his retirement way ahead. Such capabilities of succession planning are rear unless organisations have competent stars who share the same set of objectives as the organisation. This saves the organisations from going into a cultural and psychological shock, yielding costs that are enormous. Having outs ide top managers to replace comes with disruption all across the board (Eigenhuis Dijk, 2008) creating a turmoil in the management. Net Geners: Learning Gets Social Tapscott in his book Grown Up Digital refers to the generation of individuals born between 1977 and 1997 as Net Gens. Tapscott argument was that whatever that applied to the generation before them in terms of management, training, learning and development would not apply to the Net Gens. For Net Gens technology is like the air we breathe. They are never scarce of information. For them social networking and information sharing sites such as Facebook, MySpace and YouTube are both their mentor and coaches asserts Tapscott. He implies that organisations must change their ways of training and development to adopt this wave of informal learning into their mainstream learning programs. Organisations must encourage Net Gens to develop in their own chosen style; perhaps this will be the only way to capture their talent and capacity. These platforms give an enormous advantage with regard to developing the Net Gens and benefiting from their capabilities. Organisations can in other words make work and learn a fun experience for the fun loving Net Gens (Bingham, 2009). Knowledge management Perhaps the most important aspect of HRD is to retain the knowledge invested over the time on individuals. Employment has become more mobile, where individuals change their jobs in pursue of building their career. In other words, as an individual leaves an organisation the knowledge also leaves with him. Finding ways to retain this knowledge in a database or in retrievable form that is accessible by others in the organisation turns information into useful knowledge crucial to improve process and increase profits (Bogardus, 2004). For example Coruss information sharing network is backed up by databases that are shared by firms all over the world. A problem in a firm operating in Canada can get the solution and best practices that was applied for the similar problem in a firm operating in another country. Conclusion The bottom line is that HRD is directly related with improving and enhancing the performance of the employees, which is regarded by many organisations as the only competitive advantage that can be sustained. This competitive edge is achieved by organisations that discover the knowledge, skills and ability of their work force and build them to achieve unique differentiation. Empirical studies on business effectiveness and sustainability from all over the world suggests that, people are the key to the success of the business. For example, a study conducted to find the employee engagement level in pan-European employees showed that the human resource activities as a whole facilitated a 5 percent increase in engagement levels each year. The study also showed that human resource interventions aligned with customer satisfaction correlated by 72 percent and financial performance correlated by 68 percent (Ward, 2008).